The other alternative to DOSbox that *might* be worth a look under Ubuntu would be
MESS, if you *really* want to emulate a bare-metal machine more closely than either DosBOX or Tand-Em does. MESS emulates several Tandy 1000 models as variations of its
IBM PCjr support, and if, for instance, you wanted to emulate a Tandy in order to program for its unique video modes the virtual environment might match up a little more closely to a "real machine" than DOSbox does. However:
1: MESS can be a huge pain to set up and the documentation ranges from "sketchy" to "non-existent". Getting the right BIOS images alone to match up with a given version of MESS can be a huge and irritating challenge. It's not for beginners or the "casual gamer".
2: MESS is constantly in flux, and many of the machines it "supports" are in fact only partially so. I've played with the PCjr emulation and it seems to work "fairly well", but at that time the 1000sx emulation was very broken. Maybe it's improved since then.
If you're just after this to run games then DOSbox is almost certainly the better choice, as DOSbox is specially tweaked to run games well.
I would strongly recommend transferring whatever you want from the 5 1/4 disks to disk images instead of trying to run them straight off the original floppies if at all possible. As long as the floppies in question are not copy protected that's trivial under Linux; a simple DD will do it. If you're trying to run copy protected stuff then you may need to seek out a "cracked" version no matter what emulator you use.